3 dimensional radar.

3D radar provides for radar coverage on three dimensions unlike the more common 2D radar. While the normal 2D radar provides range and azimuth, the 3D radar provides elevation information with range and azimuth. Applications include weather forecasting, defense and surveillance.

3D radar techniques

Steered beam radars steer a narrow beam through a scan pattern to build a 3-D picture. Examples include NEXRAD doppler weather radar (which uses a parabolic dish) and the AN/SPY-1 phased-array radar employed by the Ticonderoga class of guided missile cruisers and other ships so equipped with the Aegis Combat System.
Stacked beam radars emit and/or receive multiple beams of radio waves at two or more elevation angles. By comparing the relative strengths of the returns from each beam, the elevation of the target can be deduced. An example of a stacked beam radar is the ARSR-4.

Figure 1: Diagram of a typical 2D radar rotating cosecant squared antenna pattern

Figure 2: Diagram of a typical 3D radar, a judicial mix of vertical electronic beam steering and mechanically horizontal movement of a pencil-beam

Command & Control

Command, Control & Intelligence

Command, Control & Intelligence plus Surveillance and Reconnaissance

Command & Control plus ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance)

Command, Control & Communication (Human activity focus) / (Technology focus)

Command, Control, Communications & Intelligence

Command, Control & Intelligence plus Surveillance and Reconnaissance plus Communications plus Electronic Warfare (Technology focus)

Command, Control & Communication (Human activity focus) / (Technology focus) plus Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance.

Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Combat systems and Intelligence.

Charge-coupled device, an electronic light sensor...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for example conversion into a digital value. This is achieved by "shifting" the signals between stages within the device one at a time. CCDs move charge between capacitive bins in the device, with the shift allowing for the transfer of charge between bins.

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor.

CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors (CMOS sensor), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication.

Electronic intelligence

Electro Optical / Infrared.

Electronic Support Measures

It describe the division of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to detect, intercept, identify, locate, record, and/or analyze sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purposes of immediate threat recognition (such as warning that fire control RADAR has locked on a combat vehicle, ship, or aircraft) or longer-term operational planning.

Electronic warfare refers to any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of, and ensure friendly unimpeded access to, the EM spectrum. EW can be applied from air, sea, land, and space by manned and unmanned systems, and can target communication, radar, or other services. EW includes three major subdivisions: Electronic Attack (EA), Electronic Protection (EP), and Electronic warfare Support (ES).

Far-Wave Infrared spectrum, approx. 25 μm – 1 000 μm or 1 mm

Image Intensifier TV.

Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance.

Laser Range Finder.

A laser rangefinder is a device which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where triangulation and other techniques are often used.

Low light TV.

Long-Wave Infrared, approx. 8 – 12 μm

Laser warning receiver.

Mid-Wave Infrared spectrum, approx. 3 – 5 μm

Near-Infrared spectrum, approx. 0.78 - 1μm

Pan / Tilt / Zoom.

Laser Warning Receiver.

Radar Warning Receiver.

Synthetic aperture radar

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar whose defining characteristic is its use of relative motion between an antenna and its target region to provide distinctive long-term coherent-signal variations that are exploited to obtain finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning means. It originated as an advanced form of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR).

SAR is usually implemented by mounting, on a moving platform such as an aircraft or spacecraft, a single beam-forming antenna from which a target scene is repeatedly illuminated with pulses of radio waves at wavelengths anywhere from a meter down to millimeters. The many echo waveforms received successively at the different antenna positions are coherently detected and stored and then post-processed together to resolve elements in an image of the target region.

Current (2010) airborne systems provide resolutions to about 10 cm, ultra-wideband systems provide resolutions of a few millimeters, and experimental terahertz SAR has provided sub-millimeter resolution in the laboratory.

SAR images have wide applications in remote sensing and mapping of the surfaces of both the Earth and other planets. SAR can also be implemented as "inverse SAR" by observing a moving target over a substantial time with a stationary antenna.

see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_aperture_radar

Software Development Kit

Signals intelligence (often contracted to SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether between people ("communications intelligence"—COMINT), whether involving electronic signals not directly used in communication ("electronic intelligence"—ELINT), or combinations of the two. As sensitive information is often encrypted, signals intelligence often involves the use of cryptanalysis. Also, traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling whom and in what quantity—can often produce valuable information, even when the messages themselves cannot be decrypted.

RAF Menwith Hill, a large site in the United Kingdom, part of ECHELON and the UK-USA Security

Short Wave Infrared spectrum, , approx. 0,9 – 2.5 μm

Terrestrial Trunked Radio.

It is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver (colloquially known as a walkie talkie) specification. TETRA was specifically designed for use by government agencies, emergency services, (police forces, fire departments, ambulance) for public safety networks, rail transportation staff for train radios, transport services and the military.

TETRA is an European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, first version published 1995; it is mentioned by the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC).

Ultra violet "beyond violet" (from Latin ultra, "beyond"), violet being the color of the shortest wavelengths of visible light. UV light has a shorter wavelength than violet light.

see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet

Very Long-Wave Infrared spectrum, approx. 12 – 25 μm